This article gives Class 12 students a ready-to-use collection of 30 business project ideas with clear descriptions, objectives, required materials/skills, step-by-step execution plans, expected outcomes, and evaluation tips.
Each idea is written in simple language so you can copy–paste directly into your project file or use it to prepare your viva/presentation.
These projects cover small-business concepts, marketing, finance, entrepreneurship, e-commerce, and social enterprise — all tailored to the level of a Class 12 student.
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How to use this article
- Read the introduction to understand what makes a good Class 12 business project.
- Choose one idea that matches your interest, available resources, and time.
- Follow the “Steps” section for each idea to prepare your project report and presentation.
- Use the “Evaluation tips” to prepare for viva questions and grading criteria.
What a strong Class 12 business project should include
A successful Class 12 business project shows that you can apply textbook concepts to real problems. Your project should explain the idea clearly, use simple real-world data (surveys, interviews, market checks), and include a small analysis — for example, basic cost calculations, break-even analysis, or a short SWOT.
Teachers look for clarity, correct use of business terms (like revenue, profit, cost, market survey, target audience), evidence of primary research (surveys, interviews), and a neat presentation (cover page, index, introduction, methodology, results, conclusion, bibliography).
When choosing a project, consider: what resources you have (money, time, internet access), whether you can gather real data, and if the topic excites you — passion shows in the final work. Below are 30 well-structured project ideas with details you can use directly for your report.
30 Business Project Ideas Class 12
1. Selling Homemade Snacks at School
Description: Start a small stall selling homemade snacks (samosas, cookies, sandwiches) to classmates during breaks.
Objective: Learn pricing, cost calculation, profit margin, and simple marketing.
Materials/Skills: Basic cooking, packaging, scale/weights, notebook for sales.
Steps: 1) Decide product list and recipe; 2) Calculate cost per unit (ingredients, packaging); 3) Set selling price with desired margin; 4) Run a trial for one week; 5) Record sales and feedback.
Expected outcomes: Sales record, profit calculation, short survey of customer preference.
Evaluation tips: Present cost sheets, break-even point, and an improvement plan for hygiene, packaging, or product mix.
2. School Uniform Alteration Service
Description: Provide low-cost alteration or repair service for school uniforms.
Objective: Learn service pricing, customer service, and simple operations.
Materials/Skills: Sewing machine or hand sewing kit, measurement tape, basic sewing skills.
Steps: 1) Estimate time and cost per alteration; 2) Create a price list; 3) Advertise in school; 4) Record jobs and earnings for a month; 5) Collect feedback.
Expected outcomes: Job log, profits, average time per job.
Evaluation tips: Show sample receipts, time management plan, and expansion ideas (e.g., weekend service).
3. Mini Market Survey for a Local Product
Description: Conduct a market survey for a local shop to measure demand for a product (e.g., cold drinks).
Objective: Practice questionnaire design, sampling, and basic data analysis.
Materials/Skills: Questionnaire template, pen/tablet, basic Excel.
Steps: 1) Choose product and target group; 2) Prepare 8–10 simple questions; 3) Survey 50–100 respondents; 4) Analyze results (percentages, charts); 5) Suggest marketing actions.
Expected outcomes: Survey report, charts, recommendation.
Evaluation tips: Attach raw data, sampling method explanation, and possible business use of findings.
4. Simple Budgeting App Prototype (Paper or Spreadsheet)
Description: Create a simple personal budgeting tool (Excel-based or paper mock-up) for students.
Objective: Learn budgeting concepts, categories of expenses, and user interface basics.
Materials/Skills: Basic Excel or Google Sheets skills, creativity.
Steps: 1) Decide categories (food, transport, pocket money); 2) Make input fields and formulas; 3) Test with sample data; 4) Collect user feedback from classmates; 5) Improve layout.
Expected outcomes: Working spreadsheet with sample entries, screenshots, user opinions.
Evaluation tips: Show formulas, explain how it helps reach savings goals, and sketch future mobile version features.
5. Handicraft Business — Making & Selling Bracelets
Description: Produce simple bracelets and sell to friends or online.
Objective: Learn product costing, packaging, and small-scale inventory.
Materials/Skills: Beads, threads, packaging materials, creativity.
Steps: 1) Design 5 styles; 2) Calculate cost per piece; 3) Set price; 4) Sell to 20 customers and note feedback; 5) Compute profit and suggest improvements.
Expected outcomes: Sales data, profit margin analysis, customer preferences.
Evaluation tips: Include photographs, supplier list, and future scaling options.
6. Social Media Promotion for a Local Shop
Description: Run a one-month social media promotion for a local store and measure results.
Objective: Understand online promotion basics, engagement metrics, and ROI.
Materials/Skills: Smartphone, social media account, basic content creation.
Steps: 1) Plan content calendar; 2) Post images and offers; 3) Track likes, comments, shares, and footfall; 4) Ask shop owner for sales data; 5) Evaluate effectiveness.
Expected outcomes: Engagement report, footfall comparison, recommendation.
Evaluation tips: Show before/after sales snapshots and sample posts.
7. Organizing a Mini-Event (Quiz/Book Fair) in School
Description: Plan and execute a small school event and manage sponsorships.
Objective: Learn event budgeting, sponsorship pitching, and operations.
Materials/Skills: Planning sheet, flyers, volunteer team.
Steps: 1) Choose event type and date; 2) Create budget and sponsor proposal; 3) Get volunteer help; 4) Run event and record costs/revenues; 5) Summarize lessons learned.
Expected outcomes: Event budget, sponsorship list, attendance figures.
Evaluation tips: Present sponsor communication samples and post-event financial summary.
8. Simple Business Plan for a Tiffin Service
Description: Create a business plan for a home tiffin delivery service targeted at students or office workers.
Objective: Learn basic business plan structure: product, market, cost, pricing, marketing.
Materials/Skills: Research skills, writing.
Steps: 1) Identify target customers; 2) Estimate costs and pricing; 3) Make delivery routes and schedule; 4) Plan marketing; 5) Prepare financial projections for 3 months.
Expected outcomes: One-page business plan, cost tables, projected profits.
Evaluation tips: Include assumptions, break-even calculation, and operation checklist.
9. Price Comparison Study of Stationery Items
Description: Compare prices of common stationery across three local shops and online stores.
Objective: Understand price variation, factors affecting price, and customer choice.
Materials/Skills: Notebook, internet access for online prices.
Steps: 1) List 10 common items; 2) Record prices from 3 shops and 2 websites; 3) Calculate average, highest, lowest; 4) Analyze reasons for differences; 5) Present recommendation for buyers.
Expected outcomes: Price tables, charts, buyer guide.
Evaluation tips: Explain possible reasons for price differences (location, brand, bulk discounts).
10. SWOT Analysis of a Small Local Business
Description: Conduct a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis of a small nearby business (tea stall, barber).
Objective: Learn strategic analysis and business observation.
Materials/Skills: Interview questions, observation checklist.
Steps: 1) Select business and get owner permission; 2) Observe operations and ask questions; 3) Fill SWOT table; 4) Suggest 3 practical improvements; 5) Present findings.
Expected outcomes: SWOT table, improvement plan with expected benefits.
Evaluation tips: Include interview transcript and how suggested changes might affect sales.
11. Microfinance Model for a Student Cooperative
Description: Design a microloan plan for a student cooperative to fund small student projects.
Objective: Learn loan terms, interest, repayment schedules, and risk.
Materials/Skills: Excel for repayment schedule, basic finance terms.
Steps: 1) Define loan size and purpose; 2) Set interest rate and tenure; 3) Create repayment schedule examples; 4) Simulate 5 loans and track cash flow; 5) Present safeguards (collateral, guarantor).
Expected outcomes: Loan policy document, repayment examples.
Evaluation tips: Explain default risk mitigation and how interest covers administrative cost.
12. Designing a Loyalty Program for a Café
Description: Create a loyalty program (stamp cards, points) for a local café and estimate its effect.
Objective: Understand customer retention and simple financial implications.
Materials/Skills: Basic math, customer survey.
Steps: 1) Propose loyalty structure; 2) Survey 30 customers for interest; 3) Estimate cost of rewards; 4) Project increased visits; 5) Present cost-benefit analysis.
Expected outcomes: Program document, survey results, ROI estimate.
Evaluation tips: Show calculations for increased frequency required for program to be profitable.
13. Study on Consumer Preference for Soft Drinks
Description: Survey student preferences for soft drinks, flavors, and packaging.
Objective: Learn questionnaire creation, sampling, and interpretation.
Materials/Skills: Survey forms, Excel.
Steps: 1) Design 8–10 questions; 2) Survey 100 students; 3) Tabulate and produce charts; 4) Identify top preferences; 5) Suggest product placement for a shop.
Expected outcomes: Findings with charts and suggestions.
Evaluation tips: Attach raw data and explain any biases in sampling.
14. Break-Even Analysis for a Small Handmade Soap Business
Description: Calculate break-even point for producing and selling handmade soaps.
Objective: Understand fixed vs. variable costs and break-even concept.
Materials/Skills: Costing details, Excel.
Steps: 1) List fixed costs (equipment) and variable costs (ingredients); 2) Determine selling price; 3) Calculate break-even units; 4) Analyze sensitivity to price changes; 5) Suggest strategies to lower break-even.
Expected outcomes: Break-even chart and recommendations.
Evaluation tips: Show sensitivity analysis and how discounts affect profitability.
15. E-commerce Product Listing and Small Test Sale
Description: List a small product (handmade bookmark or greeting card) on a free marketplace and attempt a sale.
Objective: Learn online listing, photography, description writing, and buyer communication.
Materials/Skills: Smartphone camera, internet access.
Steps: 1) Create a product with clear photos; 2) Write description and price; 3) Post on marketplace; 4) Respond to queries; 5) Try to complete a sale and record fees, time, and outcome.
Expected outcomes: Listing screenshots, sales attempt summary, fees paid.
Evaluation tips: Discuss listing optimization and packaging/delivery challenges.
16. Costing and Pricing of a School Magazine
Description: Plan production, costing, and pricing strategy for a school magazine.
Objective: Learn print-cost estimation, advertising revenue, and subscription models.
Materials/Skills: Quotes from printers, advertiser outreach.
Steps: 1) Estimate printing cost per copy at different quantities; 2) Seek adverts and estimate ad revenue; 3) Decide cover price; 4) Make profit projections; 5) Present marketing plan for sales.
Expected outcomes: Cost table, revenue sources, break-even copies.
Evaluation tips: Include printer quotes and sample ad rate card.
17. Feasibility Study for a Local Tuition Centre
Description: Assess the feasibility of opening a small tuition centre for nearby schools.
Objective: Learn market analysis, competitor check, and cost estimation.
Materials/Skills: Survey parents, visit competitor centres.
Steps: 1) Survey 30 parents for interest; 2) Check competitor fees; 3) Prepare cost and pricing; 4) Estimate student numbers for 6 months; 5) Conclude feasibility and recommendation.
Expected outcomes: Feasibility report with projected revenues and costs.
Evaluation tips: Explain assumptions and break-even timeline.
18. Customer Satisfaction Study for a Local Restaurant
Description: Measure customer satisfaction and suggest service improvements.
Objective: Learn measurement of service quality and basic improvement planning.
Materials/Skills: Questionnaire, interview skills.
Steps: 1) Prepare 10-question satisfaction survey; 2) Collect 50 responses; 3) Score and analyze results; 4) Identify top complaints; 5) Recommend fixes.
Expected outcomes: Satisfaction index, prioritized improvement list.
Evaluation tips: Show how improvements could affect repeat business.
19. Simple Inventory Management System for a School Store
Description: Create an inventory tracking sheet and reorder rules for a school stationery store.
Objective: Learn inventory control basics (stock levels, reorder point).
Materials/Skills: Excel, knowledge of products.
Steps: 1) List products and average monthly usage; 2) Determine reorder point and safety stock; 3) Create a template; 4) Simulate 3 months of stock movements; 5) Propose reorder routine.
Expected outcomes: Working inventory template and simulation results.
Evaluation tips: Explain how stockouts or overstock affects cash flow.
20. Branding and Packaging Design for a Homemade Jam
Description: Design a simple brand identity and packaging for a homemade jam product.
Objective: Learn basics of branding, labels, and cost impact of packaging.
Materials/Skills: Drawing tools, basic design software or hand sketches.
Steps: 1) Create brand name and logo; 2) Design label with ingredient list; 3) Check cost of different packaging options; 4) Choose final design; 5) Prepare sample labels and mock-ups.
Expected outcomes: Brand kit, cost comparison, mock-up photos.
Evaluation tips: Explain how packaging affects customer perception and price.
21. Small-Scale Recycling Business Model for School Waste
Description: Plan a micro-business to collect and sell recyclable waste from school.
Objective: Understand social entrepreneurship and revenue from recycling.
Materials/Skills: Knowledge of local scrap rates, collection plan.
Steps: 1) Survey school waste generation; 2) Identify recyclables and dealers; 3) Estimate collection cost and income; 4) Create collection schedule; 5) Pilot for 2 weeks and record results.
Expected outcomes: Revenue estimate and environmental benefit statement.
Evaluation tips: Provide weight records and buyer quotes.
22. Comparative Study of Two Mobile Plans
Description: Compare two telecom operator plans for cost and benefits for a student’s use.
Objective: Learn comparison metrics and cost-per-use calculation.
Materials/Skills: Plan details from operators, sample usage data.
Steps: 1) Define monthly usage (data, calls, SMS); 2) Compare plans and calculate monthly cost; 3) Calculate cost per unit (per GB/per minute); 4) Recommend best plan for students.
Expected outcomes: Comparison table and recommendation.
Evaluation tips: Show calculations and sensitivity to usage change.
23. Basic HR Policy for a Student-Run Café
Description: Draft a simple HR policy (shifts, pay, duty rotation) for a student-run café.
Objective: Learn HR basics: job roles, attendance, and discipline.
Materials/Skills: Policy writing, interviews with student staff.
Steps: 1) Define roles and shift timings; 2) Suggest pay or incentive structure; 3) Create attendance and leave rules; 4) Pilot for a month; 5) Collect staff feedback.
Expected outcomes: HR policy document and staff opinion summary.
Evaluation tips: Reflect on fairness and legal/ethical considerations.
24. Online Survey on Study Material Preferences
Description: Run an online survey to find which study materials students prefer: online notes, textbooks, video lectures.
Objective: Learn questionnaire design and online data collection.
Materials/Skills: Google Forms, internet.
Steps: 1) Create 8–10 question form; 2) Share with peers and collect 100 responses; 3) Analyze results and create charts; 4) Suggest which resources to prioritize for a study group.
Expected outcomes: Result charts and recommendations.
Evaluation tips: Discuss sample size and response bias.
25. Cost-Benefit Analysis of Using LED Bulbs in School
Description: Analyze cost savings and payback period if school replaces bulbs with LEDs.
Objective: Learn energy cost calculation and payback period concept.
Materials/Skills: Wattage info, electricity tariff, simple math.
Steps: 1) List current bulbs and wattage; 2) Compare energy consumption of LEDs; 3) Calculate monthly savings and payback time; 4) Summarize environmental benefits.
Expected outcomes: Savings table, payback calculation.
Evaluation tips: Show source of tariff rates and sensitivity to hours of use.
26. Customer Persona & Targeting for a New Snack Product
Description: Create customer personas and a targeting plan for launching a new snack among students.
Objective: Learn market segmentation, persona creation, and targeted marketing messages.
Materials/Skills: Market research, creative writing.
Steps: 1) Identify segments (health-conscious, budget, taste seekers); 2) Build 3 personas with demographics and preferences; 3) Suggest product features and messaging for each; 4) Recommend channels to reach them.
Expected outcomes: Persona profiles, tailored marketing plans.
Evaluation tips: Explain why personas help in product positioning.
27. Study on Effects of Discount Offers on Sales
Description: Test how a small discount affects sales for one product (e.g., bookmarks).
Objective: Learn demand sensitivity and simple A/B testing.
Materials/Skills: Product sample, sales tracking.
Steps: 1) Sell product at regular price for 1 week; 2) Offer a discount the next week; 3) Compare quantities sold and revenue; 4) Analyze whether discount increased absolute profit.
Expected outcomes: Sales comparison and recommendation on discount strategy.
Evaluation tips: Include raw sales data and discuss customer reaction.
28. Starter Guide for Opening a Small Flower Stall
Description: Prepare a business guide covering costs, suppliers, pricing, and marketing for a flower stall near school.
Objective: Learn operational planning and supplier negotiation basics.
Materials/Skills: Supplier contacts, price quotes.
Steps: 1) List startup costs (flowers, vases, stall); 2) Contact 2 suppliers and record prices; 3) Create price list and expected daily sales; 4) Make a 2-week operational plan; 5) Suggest waste management for unsold flowers.
Expected outcomes: Starter guide and 2-week projected cashflow.
Evaluation tips: Explain perishability issues and how to reduce losses.
29. Simple Financial Literacy Workshop for Classmates
Description: Design and conduct a 1-hour workshop teaching basics of budgeting and saving to junior students.
Objective: Practice presentation, content creation, and peer education.
Materials/Skills: Slides, handouts, basic teaching skills.
Steps: 1) Create 10-slide presentation; 2) Prepare 1-page handout with budgeting tips; 3) Conduct workshop and collect feedback; 4) Evaluate understanding with a short quiz.
Expected outcomes: Workshop slides, attendance list, quiz results.
Evaluation tips: Show feedback and learning improvement from pre/post quiz.
30. Micro-Ad Business — Offering Poster/Graphic Services
Description: Offer simple poster or social media graphic design services to small businesses or school clubs.
Objective: Learn client communication, pricing for creative work, and delivery.
Materials/Skills: Basic design tools (Canva or similar), portfolio samples.
Steps: 1) Make 5 sample posters; 2) Set prices for different sizes/formats; 3) Approach 5 potential clients; 4) Deliver at least 2 paid orders; 5) Collect testimonials.
Expected outcomes: Price list, client feedback, portfolio.
Evaluation tips: Present turnaround time, revisions policy, and how to scale.
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Tips for Writing Your Project Report
- Cover page: Title, student name, class, roll number, school, date.
- Index: List of sections with page numbers.
- Introduction: Define the problem and project objective in one paragraph.
- Methodology: Explain data sources (survey, observation, interview), sample size, and timeframe.
- Analysis: Present tables, charts, and calculations (costs, break-even, percent results).
- Conclusion & Recommendations: Summarize findings and suggest practical steps.
- Annexures: Attach raw data, questionnaires, photos, receipts.
- Bibliography: List books, websites, or people you consulted.
- Presentation tips for viva: Practice explaining methodology, key numbers (costs, profit), and one improvement idea.
How teachers usually evaluate Class 12 business projects
- Originality & Relevance (20%) — Is the topic useful and original?
- Research & Data (25%) — Quality of primary research and data handling.
- Analysis & Concepts (25%) — Correct use of business concepts and calculations.
- Presentation & Neatness (15%) — Report formatting, visuals, and clarity.
- Viva/Defense (15%) — Ability to explain choices and answer questions.
Use these marks to shape your project focus — if data collection is weak, strengthen analysis or present clear reasoning.
Conclusion
Choosing the right business project matters more than choosing the most complex topic. A simple idea explained well with real data, clear calculations, and thoughtful recommendations will score higher than a complicated project without solid evidence.
Use the ideas above as templates — feel free to combine two ideas, simplify them, or expand them with additional research. Remember to keep language clear, include all required sections (introduction, methodology, analysis, conclusion), and attach raw data as annexures.
Practice your presentation and prepare to explain one limitation and one future improvement — examiners appreciate honest reflection.
Good luck with your project — pick a topic you enjoy, plan your time, and present your work confidently.
If you want, I can convert any of the above ideas into a ready-made project report template with headings, content for each section, sample data tables, and a slide deck — tell me which idea you chose and I’ll prepare it for you.
